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The ladder is composed of several parts which should be carefully considered in order to function properly. Negligence in planning the ladder parts can lead to the ladder less comfortable to be traversed, even dangerous. Here are the components to watch out for in stair design.
The staircase is the part we step on while up and down the stairs. In principle, the rungs stand on a footing and incline. The foothold is a horizontal plane stepped on ascending the stairs, while the climb is the vertical distance between the stairs. The climb is not merely a solid plane like a vertical board between two fronts. The ideal climb height ranges from 15-18 cm, while the width of the footpath ranges from 27-30 cm. As the ladder component is always traversed, the foothold surface should not be too slippery as it may harm the user, should also be made not taper angle. For safety, there is usually a stopper at the end of a ladder made of rubber or ceramic grooved.
The staircase is the place where the ladder rises so that it becomes the main load buffer. The mother's profile of the ladder can be closed or open. On a covered staircase, the mother of the stairs is shaped like a straight line that covers the step area when viewed from the side. While on an open staircase, her profile forms follow the grooves of the footpath and up the stairs. The height of the mother ladder generally ranges from 12 - 20 cm. The design of the mother of the ladder varies and adapts to the overall shape of the staircase. On a steel frame ladder with a wooden footing, for example, the mother's ladder can be placed on either side of the footing so that the center is open, or in the middle with a cantilevered structure giving rise to a semi-hovering impression.
Climbing the stairs that are too long would be exhausting, therefore it is advisable at least every 10 or 15 stairs are provided landing to rest or inhale. Bordes is a flat field on a ladder that allows the legs to move normally two or three times before going back up or down the next rung. On the L-shaped staircase, the bordes are present in a square shape. While on the U-shaped staircase, generally the landing is rectangular. The width of the bordes is at least equal to the width of the stairs, or about 90-120 cm in the residential building.
To support comfort, railing should be built with a sturdy and stable construction and strong load-bearing support. A comfortable railing should take into account the ergonomics and size of the human body. The height of the comfortable railing should be 90 - 100 cm from the surface of the stairs. The selection of the right form of railing can support the beauty of the stairs. Either square, flat, to curve or circle, select railing that is not angled so comfortably grasped and harmless. Materials that can be selected also vary: wood, iron, and steel. The location of railings other than leaned against the wall can also lean on baluster or ledge. Exterior staircase usually does not require railing because the number of stairs are slightly larger in size. However, in high-rise, high-contoured houses that require more than three steps, exterior stairs are needed to reduce the risk of slipping due to weather, such as rain or snow.
The baluster is a perpendicular to the floor plane supporting the railing and serves as a barrier on the open staircase to the void. Baluster can be a series of vertical or horizontal fins of metal, wood, steel wire, and bamboo materials; can also be a glass barrier or massive backrest of concrete or bricks. As a variation, balusters are now often present in vertical skeletons that extend from the rungs up to the upstairs beams, thus eliminating the ladder elements while remaining secure. This component is very important for the security of users, especially in homes that are inhabited by children and the elderly. Therefore, the distance between baluster fillers should not be too tenuous.
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